翻译资格证笔译实务二级考试试题(一)

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1. Historians and many members of the public already know that Winston Churchill often took high-stakes gambles in his political life. Some, like the disastrous Dardanelles campaign — an audacious attempt he masterminded at the Admiralty to seize the straits of Gallipoli and knock Turkey out of the first world war — he got wrong. Others, notably his decision as prime minister in 1940 to hold out against Nazi Germany until America came to rescue Britain, he got spectacularly right. But the extent to which Churchill was a gambler in other spheres of his life has tended not to catch his biographers' attention.Two new books attempt to fill this gap. The first is”No More Champagne” by David Lough, a private-banker-tumed-historian who looks at Churchill's personal finances during the ups and downs of his career. Mr. Lough has trawled through Churchill's personal accounts and found that he was as much a risk-taker when it came to his money as he was when he was making decisions at the Admiralty or in Downing Street.
Although Churchill was descended from the Dukes of Marlborough, his parents had “very little money on either side” 一 though that never stopped them living the high life. Neither did it hamper the young Churchill; he spent wildly on everything from polo ponies to Havana cigars, a habit he picked up as a war correspondent in Cuba.
It is no wonder, then, that Churchill spent most of his life leaping from one cash flow crisis to another, being perennially behind with his suppliers5 bills. Another new book, “Winston Churchill Reporting”,by Simon Read, an American journalist, looks at one of the ways Churchill eventually paid some of them: writing. Mr. Read investigates how Churchill went from a young army officer cadet to being Britain's highest-earning war correspondent by the age of 25. It was the extent to which the young reporter was willing to take risks on battlefields across the world that marked out his columns from those of his contemporaries.
Both books manage to tell their tales of Churchill the adventurer and gambler elegantly.
And for a financial biography, Mr. Lough's is a surprising page-turner. But the two authors only briefly link their assessments of Churchill's personality to the important decisions he made in office. Although their stories are worth telling, they have left bigger questions about Churchill to other historians.

2. Most of the world´ s victims of AIDS live — and, at an alarming rate, die— in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26. 6 million in late 2003. New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS (UNAIDS) , the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling.AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa — where it was called "slim" after the appearance of victims wasting away — within a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus
and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from being settled.
Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Christian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint.
An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) . In addition, medical research has found a way to help sufferers, though not to cure them.
Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the
world; the fund was launched following a call by the UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted.

1. 中国共产党十一届三中全会解放了思想，冲破了旧有体制的制约和旧有观念的束缚，打开了中国改革开放的总闸门。从那时起，改革的力量就像洪水一样奔涌而出，为中国冲开了一条富强之路。40年来，中国用无数个“第一”，标记了改革开放的进程，为这一波澜壮阔的历程做出了完美的诠释。1987年，肯德基在北京开业，中国人第一次不出国门品尝“洋快餐”。1990年，上海证券交易所挂牌营业，标志着中国资本市场正式启动。2001年，中国正式加入WTO,加速融入国际社会，推动经济发展进入全球化的快车道。中国命运的改变始于40年前的那次会议，但40年来中国所取得的巨大进步，却不是一蹴而就，而是中国人民用辛勤的汗水踏踏实实干出来的；改革开放也不是一次变革，而是一条不会停下的发展道路。中国庆祝改革开放40年，也是从新的历史起点上再出发。

2. 长期以来西方人一直怀疑由草药制成的中成药是否有效。在过去的几年内，中国传统医药在世界范围内经历了严格的科学审查。为证明和提高传统治疗方法的效益，中国大陆投入了巨资在这方面进行艰苦研究。香港一直在努力使自己成为世界上传统中医研究的带头人。台湾也提出它将把自己建成一个中医技术中心。
传统中医药的研究工作在亚洲以外地区的大学和其它机构也蓬勃开展。
这些揭开传统医学秘密的研究工作可能会为中西医都大感头疼的疾病患者带来福音。
尽管在理论上中西医之间还存在着分歧，一些对中医药感兴趣的著名国际制药公司已开始在中国实施小规模的研究项目。一批新药已在亚洲各地接受试验。