英语二级笔译实务模拟试卷(一)

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  • 1. Tolstoy was a member of the Russian nobility,from a family that owned an estate and hundreds of serfs. The early life of the young count was raucous, debauched and violent."I killed men in wars and challenged men to duds in order to kill them," he wrote. "I lost at cards, consumed the labour of the peasants, sentenced them to punishments, lived loosely,and deceived people …so I lived for ten years."
    But he gradually weaned himself off his decadent, racy lifestyle and rejected the received beliefs of his aristocratic background, adopting a radical, unconventional worldview that shocked his peers. So how exactly might his personal journey help us rethink our own philosophies of life?
    One of Tolstoy's greatest gifts was his ability and willingness to change his mind based on new experiences. The horrific bloodshed he witnessed while fighting in the Crimean War in the 1850s turned him into a lifelong pacifist. In 1857, after seeing a public execution by guillotine in Paris — he never forgot the thump of the severed head as it fell into the box below — he became a convinced opponent of the state and its laws, believing that governments were not only brutal, but essentially served the interests of the rich and powerful. "The State is a conspiracy," he wrote to a friend. "Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere." Tolstoy was on the road to becoming an anarchist.
    The most essential life lesson to take away from Tolstoy is to follow his lead and recognise that the best way to challenge our assumptions and prejudices, and develop new ways of looking at the world, is to surround ourselves with people whose views and lifestyles differ from our own. In Resurrection, he pointed out that most people — whether they are politicians, businessmen or thieves — "instinctively keep to the circle of those people who share their views of life and their own place in it". Cosseted within our peer group,we may think it perfectly normal and justifiable to own two homes, or to oppose same-sex marriage, or to bomb countries in the Middle East. We cannot see that such views may be perverse, unjust, or untrue, because we are inside circles of our own making. The challenge is to spread our conversational wings and spend time with those whose values and experiences contrast with our own. Our ultimate task, Tolstoy would advise us, is to journey beyond the perimeters of the circle.
  • 2. There they come, trudging along, straight upright on stubby legs, shoulders swinging back and forth with each step, coming into focus on the screen just as I´ m eating my first bite of popcorn. Then Morgan Freeman´ s voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth, and that they are driven by their "quest for love. ” I´ ve long known the story of the emperor penguin, but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins, the sleeper summer hit, still took my breath away. As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence;and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seems familiar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life 一 grass, trees, tapeworms, hornets, jelly-fish, tuna and elephants 一 these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us.
    Love is a feeling or emotion 一 like hate, jealousy, hunger, thirst 一 necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.
    Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek 70 miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80 degrees Fahrenheit?
    Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children. The penguins´ drive to persist in behavior bordering on the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.
    I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because, as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed, we are now allowed to "relate" to them, and therefore to empathize.
    If we gain more exposure to the real 一 and if the producers and studios invest half as much care and expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves — I suspect the results will be as profitable, in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms —as the March of the Penguins.
  • 1. 文明是多彩的,人类文明因多样才有交流互鉴的价值。阳光有七种颜色,世界也是多彩的。一个国家和民族的文明是一个国家和民族的集体记忆。人类在漫长的 历史长河中,创造和发展了多姿多彩的文明。从茹毛饮血到田园农耕,从工业革命到信息社会,构成了波澜壮阔的文明图谱,书写了激荡人心的文明华章。“一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。”……不论是中华文明,还是世界上存在 的其他文明,都是人类文明创造的成果。
    我参观过法国卢浮宫,也参观过中国故宫博物院,它们珍藏着千万件艺术珍品, 吸引人们眼球的正是其展现的多样文明成果。文明交流互鉴不应该以独尊某一种文明 或者贬损某一种文明为前提。中国人在2000多年前就认识到了 “物之不齐,物之情也”的道理。推动文明交流互鉴,可以丰富人类文明的色彩,让各国人民享受更富内 涵的精神生活、开创更有选择的未来。
  • 2. 长城是世界一大奇迹。现在,每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季,几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑城墙的历史久远,可以追溯到战国时期。历史上,中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中,明长城最长,达到6700公里。在当时,中国技术在世界上处于领先地位,因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
    清朝建立后,由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族,他们觉得没有必要继续修筑长城。不过,清政府还是颁布法令对长城进行保护,禁止拆砖。但是,岁月的流逝和连续战乱使人们易到之处遭到了严重的破坏。
    十几年来,蓬勃发展的旅游业促进了长城的修缮工程。目前,多处长城已经修复,或正在修缮中。