Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the
sought-after results (1) motivated behavior.
Motivation can be either positive or negative (2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object
or condition, (3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled
toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away (4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some
psychologists refer to positive drives (5) needs, wants or desires, (6) negative drives as fears or aversions. (7) ,
though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically (8) terms of physical and
sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in (9) they both serve to initiate and
sustain human behavior. (10) this reason, researchers often refer (11) both kinds of drives or motives as
needs, wants and desires.
Goals, (12) , can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward (13) behavior is directed and it is
often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is (14) from which behavior is directed away and it
is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be
considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to (15) types simply as goals. Consider
this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain (16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to
appear desirable, and (17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may
be to prevent her skin (18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. (19) the former case, she
uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the (20) case, she uses face creams to
help avoid a negative goal --wrinkled skin.