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Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
企业集团财务公司发行金融债券的条件包括（）。I.财务公司已发行、尚未兑付的金融债券总额不得超过其净资产总额的100%，发行金融债券后，资本充足率不低于10%II.财务公司设立2年以上，经营状况良好，申请前1年利润率不低于行业平均水平，且有稳定的盈利预期III.近3年无重大违法违规记录IV.申请前1年，不良资产率低于行业平均水平，资产损失准备拨备充足
n皇后问题描述为：在一个n×n的棋盘上摆放n个皇后，要求任意两个皇后不能冲突，即任意两个皇后不在同一行、同一列或者同一斜线上。<br>算法的基本思想如下：<br>将第i个皇后摆放在第i行，i从1开始，每个皇后都从第1列开始尝试。尝试时判断在该列摆放皇后是否与前面的皇后有冲突，如果没有冲突，则在该列摆放皇后，并考虑摆放下一个皇后；如果有冲突，则考虑下一列。如果该行没有合适的位置，回溯到上一个皇后，考虑在原来位置的下一个位置上继续尝试摆放皇后，……，直到找到所有合理摆放方案。<br>【C代码】<br>下面是算法的C语言实现。<br>（1）常量和变量说明<br>n:皇后数，棋盘规模为n×n<br>queen[]:皇后的摆放位置数组，queen[i]表示第i个皇后的位置，1≤queen[i]≤n<br>（2）C程序<br>#include＜stdio.h><br>#define n 4<br>int queen[n+1];<br>void Show（ ）{/*输出所有皇后摆放方案*/<br>int i;<br>printf("(");<br>for(i=1;i＜=n;i++){<br>printf("%d",queen[i]);<br>}<br>printf(")");<br>}<br>int Place(int j){/*检查当前列能否放置皇后，不能放返回0，能放返回1*/<br>int i;<br>for(i=1;i＜j;i++){/*检查与已摆放的皇后是否在同一列或者同一斜线上*/<br>if((（1）)‖abs(queen[i]-queen[j])==(j-i)){<br>return 0;<br>}<br>}<br>return（2）;<br>}<br>void Nqueen(int j){<br>int i;<br>for(i=1;i＜=n;i++){<br>queen[j]=i;<br>if(（3）){<br>if(j==n){/*如果所有皇后都摆放好，则输出当前摆放方案*/<br>Show（ ）;<br>}else{/*否则继续摆放下一个皇后*/<br>（4）;<br>}<br>}<br>}<br>}<br>int main（ ）{<br>Nqueen(1);<br>return 0;<br>}<br>【问题1】（8分）<br>根据题干说明，填充C代码中的空（1）（4）。<br>【问题2】（3分）<br>根据题干说明和C代码，算法采用的设计策略为（5）。<br>【问题3】（4分）<br>当n=4时，有（6）种摆放方式，分别为（7）。
不适宜作为咨询对象的求助者的特征是( )。单选
龙骨的功效是（ ）
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12 of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13.They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14,have previously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 to social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 education.The latter was seen as a（an）17 of genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18.His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.7选？
国际债券的发行人主要是（）。I.各国政府、政府所属机构 II.银行或其他金融机构III.自然人 IV.一些国际组织
患者，男，23岁。心烦失眠一周余。因面临工作分配，近一周心情烦躁，入夜难眠，手足心自感发热，入夜咽干欲饮，舌红苔少而干，脉细数．其证候是（ ）
咨询关系的建立受到( )的双重影响。
下列表述中符合人本主义对异常心理的解释的是（ ）。
